Contents

Volume I

I. INTRODUCTION,

 Mostafa K. Tolba, President, International Center for Environment and Development. pp. xi-xvii

II. MESSAGES IN RESPECT OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (EOLSS) from:

• Richard R. Ernst, Nobel Laureate- Chemistry, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland p. xix
• Leon M. Lederman, Nobel Laureate-Physics, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA p. xix
• M. S. Swaminathan, Ramon Magsasay Laureate and World Food Prize winner, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Madras, India. p. xix
• Jean-Marie Lehn, Nobel Laureate-Chemistry, Collège de France, Paris and Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. p. xx
• J. L. Lions, Japan Prize Recipient in Applied Mathematics, Galileo Galilei Chair at the Ecole Normale Supperieure de Pisa. p. xx
• S. P. Kapitza, UNESCO Kalinga Laureate, Institute of Physical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences p. xx

III. GLOBAL ETHICS FOR THE THIRD MILLENNIUM, A Series of Interviews with:

Maurice Strong, Mikhail Gorbachev, Steven Rockefeller, Maritta Koch-Weser, Shridath Ramphal, Ingvar Carlsson, Ruud Lubbers, Richard Goldstone, and Gro Harlem Bruntland,

by Patricia Morales, Globus Institute, Tilburg University, Netherlands. pp. xxi-1xiii

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS,

Andrew P. Sage,School of Information Technology and Engineering, George Mason University; USA. pp. 1xv-1xxxii

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS,

Darwish Al Gobaisi, International Centre for Water and Energy Systems, UAE; International Study Group for Water and Energy Systems, University of Zaragoza, Spain.pp. xxxiii-1xxxix

VI. EOLSS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE p. xci

VII. EOLSS FORUM pp. xciii

Section 1: NATURAL SYSTEMS AND RESOURCES

Natural Systems, and Climate Change

EARTH SYSTEM: HISTORY AND NATURAL VARIABILITY,

Vaclav Cilek, Institute of Geology ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic, and Rachel H. Smith, Department of Linguistics, Cambridge, UK.    pp. 3-20

ECOSYSTEM HEALTH: DEFINITIONS, ASSESSMENT AND CASE STUDIES,

David J. Rapport, College Faculty of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; William S. Fyfe, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Robert Costanza, Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Maryland, Solomons, Maryland, USA; Jerry Spiegel, Liu Centre for the Study of Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Community Health Services, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Annalee Yassi, Institute of Health Promotion Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Community Health Services, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Gyorgy M. Böhm, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; G.P. Patil, Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics, Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA ; Robert Lannigan, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada ; Christopher M. Anjema, Department of Ophthamology, Ivey Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Walter G. Whitford, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA ; and Pierre Horwitz, Centre for Ecosystem Management; Consortium for Ecosystem Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia.    pp. 21-42

THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE AND HUMAN IMPACT ON IT,

L.S. Kuchment, Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.    pp. 43-64

HUMAN INTERACTION WITH LAND AND WATER: A HYDROLOGISTS'S CONCEPTION,

Malin Falkenmark, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), Sweden.    pp. 65-76

THE CLIMATE SYSTEM,

A. Henderson-Sellers, Director Environment, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Sydney, Australia.    pp. 77-102

GLOBAL CLIMATE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES,

Sir John Houghton, Co-Chairman of the Scientific Assessment Working Group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and former Chief Executive of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office.    pp. 103-115

STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION,

Mario J. Molina, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.    pp. 117-124

CLIMATE CHANGE AND LOCAL POLLUTION EFFECTS - ADVANTAGES OF AN INTEGRATED MITIGATION APPROACH ,

Hans M. Seip, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway and Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo, Norway  and Hans Asbjørn Aaheim and Kristin Aunan, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo (CICERO), Norway.    pp. 125-135

NATURAL HAZARDS,

H.Th.Verstappen, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands.    pp. 137-145

KEY ISSUES OF GLOBAL CHANGE AT THE END OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM,

K. Ya. Kondratyev, Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences/Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, St.Petersburg, Russia.    pp. 147-165

Natural Resource Management

WORLD NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT,

David Pimentel, Comstock Hall, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, USA.    pp. 169-182

World Natural Resources Policy - Focussing on Mineral Resources,

F.-W.Wellmer and J. D. Becker-Platen, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany.    pp. 183-207

THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN SOCIETY,

G. Wall, Independent Researcher, Mölndal, Sweden.    pp. 209-230

NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS,

Jason F. Shogren, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA.    pp. 231-243

CLIMATE IMPACTS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE WORLD'S DRYLANDS,

R.C. Balling Jr., Office of Climatology, Arizona State University, USA. pp. 245-251

MONITORING THE DESERT ENVIRONMENT FROM SPACE: EXAMPLES FROM THE ARAB REGION,

Farouk El-Baz, Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University, USA.    pp. 253-271

COMBATING DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT,

Hiroshi Kadomura, Department of Environment systems, Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science, Japan.    pp. 273-284

BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Anne Dale, Royal Roads University, Victoriam British Columbia, Canada.    pp. 285-298

BIODIVERSITY,

Philippe Bourdeau, IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium    pp. 299-308

WHY CARE ABOUT BIODIVERSITY?

Otto T. Solbrig, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, USA.    pp. 309-316

TROPICAL MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF THE WORLD: A TREASURE WORTH PRESERVING,

Steve Oakley, Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.    pp. 317-339

A HISTORY OF CONSERVATION,

Martin Holdgate, 35, Wingate Way, Cambridge CB2 2HD, United Kingdom.    pp. 341-353

FOREST RESOURCES, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Jeffrey A. Sayer, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia and R. Neil Byron, The Productivity Commission, Melbourne, Australia.    pp. 355-364

INTERNATIONAL FOREST RESOURCE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT,

H. Elsenhans, Department of Political Science, University of Leipzig, Germany and A. Obser, Department of International Politics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany.    pp. 365-373

AGROFORESTRY: INTEGRATING TREES WITH CROP- AND LIVESTOCK-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS,

P. K. Ramachandran Nair, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, USA.    pp. 375-393

ENERGY SCIENCE; CONVERSION AND SYSTEMS,

Tokio Ohta, Yokohama National University, Kamakura, JAPAN.    pp. 395-408

ENERGY, CREATIVITY AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH,

R. Kümmel,, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Germany.    pp. 409-425

THE RELIABILITY OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES DATA,

Jean. H. Laherrère, France.    pp. 427-451

EXERGY, ENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION,

Christos Frangopoulos, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece.    pp. 453-470

EARTH AVAILABLE ENERGY AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS,

V. Brodianski, Moscow Power Institute, Russia.    pp. 471-504

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES,

Antonia V. Herzog, Timothy E. Lipman and Daniel M. Kammen, Energy and Resources Group, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL) University of California, Berkeley, USA.    pp. 505-536

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES; AN UNAVOIDABLE REQUIREMENT FOR THE FUTURE,

W.B. Stine, Mechanical Engineering Department, California State Polytechnic University, USA.    pp. 537-550

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND THE UTILISATION OF DEEP OCEAN WATER,

Michel A.P. Gauthier, Acting chairman of the International OTEC/DOWA Association, France.    pp. 551-556

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: NATURAL RESOURCES AND FOOD AND AGRICULTURE,

Richard K. Baydack, University of Manitoba, Natural Resources Institute, Winnipeg. Manitoba, Canada.    pp. 557-562

THE ROLE OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES IN HUMAN NUTRITION,

Victor Squires, Dryland Management Consultant, Australia.    pp. 563-577

SUSTAINABLE FOOD AND WATER SECURITY,

M. S. Swaminathan, UNESCO Chair in Ecotechnology.    pp. 579-597

TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION,

Gurdev S. Khush and Mahabub Hossain, International Rice Research Institute, Makati, Philippines.    pp. 599-615

MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS,

Robert J. Hudson, University of Alberta, Canada.    pp. 617-627

ORIGINS OF PLANT AGRICULTURE AND MAJOR CROP PLANTS,

P. Gepts, Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, USA.    pp. 629-637

DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURE WITH ALTERNATIVE CROPS,

Robert L. Myers, Thomas Jefferson Agricultural Institute, Columbia, MO, USA.    pp. 639-650

TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES,

Håkan Eggert, Department of Economics, Göteborg University, Sweden.    pp. 651-660

FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,

Lingzhi Chen, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, China.    pp. 661-671

CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT

G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary General, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THERMAL PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS, WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS,

J. Szargut, Institute of Thermal Technology, Technical University of Silesia, Poland.

EXERGETICS,

G. Wall, Independent researcher, Mölndal, Sweden.

ENERGY POLICY,

Ben W. Ebenhack, AHEAD Energy Corp. (not-for-profit) and University of Rochester, USA.

TRANSMISSION AND INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS

F. Meslier, Managing Director of Overseas Departments, Electricité de France. Chairman of CIGRE Study Committee 37 "Power System Planning and Development", France.

NIKOLA TESLA AND THE GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANKIND,

B.S. Jovanovic, Director, Nikola Tesla Museum, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

HYDROPOWER,

E.F. Mosonyi, Institute for Water Resources Management, Hydraulic and Rural Engineering, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, Founder and Honorary President of the International Hydropower Association (IHA).

FOOD SOURCES,

Aree Valyasevi, National Health Foundation, Thailand , Pattanee Winichagoon , Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand, and Visith Chavasit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand.

NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES,

Salah A. Hafez, Energy & Environmental Services & Systems (EESS), Egypt.

Section 2:  SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Human Security, Peace and Socio-Cultural Issues

HUMAN ECOLOGY,

Roderick J. Lawrence, Centre for Human Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.    pp. 675-693

SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE,

Ismail Sirageldin, The Johns Hopkins University, USA.    pp. 695-721

SUSTAINABILITY: AN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL NECESSITY,

Selma van Londen, Dept. of Cultural Anthropology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands and Arie de Ruijter, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.    pp. 723-731

THE CENTRAL ROLE OF CITIES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT'S FUTURE: CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBILITIES,

Saskia Sassen, University of Chicago, USA; and Centennial Visiting Professor, London School of Economics, UK.    pp. 733-770

HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN HUMAN HEALTH,

He Feng-sheng and Wang Ke-an, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, P.R. China.    pp. 771-776

HEALTH,

John M. Last, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.    pp. 777-794

INTERACTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH,

Neil Pearce, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand  and
Anthony J McMichael, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.    pp. 795-804

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE,

Ellen K Silbergeld, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore MD USA.    pp. 805-811

HUMAN SECURITY: PERSPECTIVES FOR HUMAN RESOURCES AND POLICY MANAGEMENT,

Jorge Nef, Internationl Development and Rural Extension, University of Guelph, Canada; Director, School of Government, Public Administration and Political Science, University of Chile.    pp. 813-831

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THEIR LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS: A PERSPECTIVE ON PRODUCTION PROCESSES,

Savyasaachi, Department of Sociology at the Jamia Millia Islamia  New Delhi, India.    pp. 833-841

THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COST OF WAR: THE CASE OF AFRICA,

Mansour Khalid, Chairman Africa Centre for Resources and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya and Lydia Abura, Research Consultant.    pp. 843-848

CULTURE OF PEACE,

Federico Mayor, Former Director General, UNESCO, Paris, France    pp. 849-855

PEACE OPERATIONS AS AN INTEGRATED PART OF THE UN STRATEGY FOR A MORE SECURE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY,

Vladimir Petrovsky, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.    pp. 857-864

PEACE, CULTURE AND ETHICS: RECENT HISTORY OF CONSERVATION VALUES IN PEACE AND WAR,

Arthur H. Westing, Westing Associates in Environment, Security, and Education, USA.    pp. 865-872

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH PEACEBUILDING AND HUMAN SECURITY,

Oswald Spring, Úrsula, National Autonomous University of Mexico/CRIM, México.    pp. 873-916

A NEW PEACE CULTURE, LITERATURE AND MEDIA REQUIRED FOR SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT,

Ada Aharoni, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, and the Peace Culture and Communications Commission (PCC) of IPRA, Haifa, Israel.    pp. 917-934

CONFLICT RESOLUTION,

Keith W. Hipel, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.    pp. 935-952

JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION:  THE MAKING OF MEANING,

Rashmi Luthra, University of Michigan-Dearborn, U.S.A.    pp. 953-969

Equity and Ethical Issues

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBELMS, MORALS AND INCENTIVES IN MODERN SOCIETIES,

Gerd-Jan Krol, Department of Economics, Institute of Economic Education, University of Münster, Germany.    pp. 973-982

ETHICS AND VALUES,

R. Elliot, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia.    pp. 983-994

INTRAGENERATIONAL EQUITY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND ETHICS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Joan Martinz-Alier, Department of Economics and Economic History, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain and Martin O'Connor, Centre d'Economie et d'Ethique pour l'Environnement et le Développement (C3ED), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France.    pp. 995-1005

THE ETHICS OF SCIENCE,

Koïchiro, Director General of UNESCO.    pp. 1007-1013

THE HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO REDUCING MALNUTRITION,

George Kent, Department of Political Science, University of Hawaii, U.S.A.    pp. 1015-1025

BIO-POLICY - BIO-CULTURE: NEEDED GLOBAL PRIORITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,

Agni Vlavianos-Arvanitis, President and Founder, Biopolitics International Organisation, Athens, Greece.    pp. 1027-1039

THE SOUTHERN EUROPEAN WELFARE MODEL AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION,

Enzo Mingione, University of Milano-Bicocca, Faculty of Sociology.    pp. 1041-1051

VOLUME II

Section 3: KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Knowledge

UNIVERSE AS THE EARTH’S ENVIRONMENT ,

Hartmut Schulz, Astronomical Institute, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.    pp. 1055-1070

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND GLOBAL PROCESSES,

G. I. Marchuk, Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences and Yu. S. Osipov, Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences.    pp. 1071-1096

PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT,

Leon M. Lederman, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA.    pp. 1097-1112

CHEMISTRY PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE,

J. J. Lagowski, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.    pp. 1113-1126

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS,

R. Kirby, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.    pp. 1127-1143

OCEANOGRAPHY,

Jacques C.J. Nihoul, University of Liège, Belgium and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, R.O.C.    pp. 1145-1163

ARCHAEOLOGY,

D.L. Hardesty, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.    pp. 1165-1181

TRANSITION TO SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE ROLE OF SCIENCE,

Carlos Aguirre B., National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.    pp. 1183-1202

TRANSDISCIPLINARY AND INTEGRATIVE SCIENCES: HUMANITY'S MIND AND POTENTIAL,

Diederik Aerts, Leo Apostel Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium.    pp. 1203-1214

STRATEGIES OF KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION,

Steve Fuller, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.    pp. 1215-1228

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION (EE),

Michaël Atchia, Past-Chairman and member of Commission for Biological Education of the International Union of Biological Sciences, Mauritius.    pp. 1229-1240

INVESTING IN THE FUTURE: POPULATION EDUCATION FOR YOUTH,

Nafis Sadik, M.D. Executive Director, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Under-Secretary-General, United Nations, USA.    pp. 1241-1256

SCIENCE, GOVERNANCE, COMPLEXITY AND KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT,

Silvio Funtowicz, European Commission Joint Research Centre-Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety, Ispra (VA), Italy, Martin O'Connor, Centre d'Economie et d'Ethique pour l'Environnement et le Développement, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Guyancourt, France and Iain Shepherd, European Commission Joint Research Centre-Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety, Ispra (VA), Italy.    pp. 1257-1271

HIERACHY, COMPLEXITY AND AGENT MODELS,

David Geoffrey Green, Environmental and Information Science, Charles Sturt University, Australia    pp. 1273-1292

INTEGRATED GLOBAL MODELS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Akira Onishi, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.    pp. 1293-1312

ECOLOGY OF POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES,

Vladimir N. Bolshakov and Feodor V. Kryazhimskii, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.    pp. 1313-1326

Technology and Management

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY AND FUTURE,

James Dooge , University College, Dublin, Ireland    pp. 1329-1347

WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS MODELING: ITS ROLE IN PLANNING,

Daniel P. Loucks, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.    pp. 1349-1360

WATER QUALITY AND HEALTH,

Y. Magara, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, T. Tamashiro, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan and T. Aizawa, Chief, National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.    pp. 1361-1380

WATER POLLUTION, RECYCLING AND RE-USE,

S. Vigneswaran, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia and M. Sundaravadivel, Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.    pp. 1381-1406

ON CONTROLLING CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER,

G. Chesters, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin USA    pp. 1407-1422

THE FUTURE OF BIG DAMS,

R. J. A. Goodland, Environment Department, World Bank, Washington DC, USA.    pp. 1423-1434

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MINIMIZATION,

Richard Ian Stessel, Henry Krumb School of Mines, Columbia University, USA.    pp. 1435-1451

ENERGY PLANNING,

I. Abdel Gelil, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Egypt.    pp. 1453-1464

Industrial Metabolism,

Andreas Windsperger,  Institute for Industrial Ecology, St. Pölten, Austria.    pp. 1465-1478

THE ROLE OF BUSINESS and INDUSTRY,

Hazel Henderson, Independent futurist, economic analyst, USA.    pp. 1479-1503

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF BUSINESS,

J. Aloisi de Larderel, Director, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics United Nations Environment Programme, France.    pp. 1505-1516

THE INFORMATION ECONOMY AND THE INTERNET,

Laura Lengel, Department of Communication, Richmond American International University, London, UK.    pp. 1517-1528

ADVANCED SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS,

Jari Kaivo-oja, Finland Futures Research Centre, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Turku, Finland, Jyrki Luukkanen, Department of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy, University of Tampere, University of Tampere, Finland  and Pentti Malaska, Finland Futures Research Centre, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Turku, Finland.    pp. 1529-1552

FROM 'DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT' TO 'DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS',

Walter R. Stahel, Product-life Institute, Geneva , Switzerland.    pp. 1553-1568

FOOD QUALITY AND STANDARDS,

Radomir Lasztity, Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest Hungary.    pp. 1569-1590

BIOTECHNOLOGY,

Horst Doelle, MIRCEN-Biotechnology Brisbane and the Pacific Regional Network, University of Queensland, St.Lucia, Australia and Edgar J. DaSilva,  Section of Life Sciences, Division of Basic and Engineering Sciences, UNESCO; France.    pp. 1591-1601

WHY GENETIC MODIFICATION AROUSES CONCERNS: SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL IMPACTS,

Richard Braun, BIOLINK, Worb, Switzerland.    pp. 1603-1613

VLADIMIR VERNADSKY: COSMOS- EARTH- LIFE - MAN - REASON: FROM BIOSPHERE TO NOOSPHERE,

Inar I. Mochalov, Department of History of Sciences about the Earth, Institute of History of Natural Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.

CHEMICALLY-BASED COMMODITIES INTO THE 21ST CENTURY,

Mervyn Richardson, Birch Assessment Services for Information on Chemicals (BASIC), Poole, United Kingdom.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHEMISTRY TO SUSTAINABILITY IN CHINA,

Mooson Kwauk, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiayong Chen, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingshi Zhu, China University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China, LI Youchu and Jinghai Li, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

ELEMENTAL KEYS TO SUSTAINABLE WASTE PREVENTION,

Joseph E. Paluzzi, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Boston, MA, USA.

MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES,

Takeshi Matsuura, Industrial Membrane Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ottawa; Canada.

FRESH WATER MINIMIZATION BY MEMBRANE FILTRATION IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY,

Jutta Nuortila-Jokinen, Cleantech 2000, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland.

Economics, Finance and Trade

WORLD ECONOMIC ORDER,

Ramón Tamames, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain and Jean Monnet, Chairholder, European Union    pp. 1617-1634

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

U. Colombo, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milano, Italy and D. Siniscalco, University of Torino and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milano, Italy.    pp. 1635-1643

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS,

G. Barbiroli, Department of Business Economics, Area Technology and Resource Valorisation, University of Bologna, Italy.    pp. 1645-1656

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL CHANGE,

P. Klemmer, Department of Economic Policy; Ruhr-University Bochum and Rhine-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research Essen, Germany and D. Becker-Soest and R. Wink, Ruhr Research Institute for Innovation and Regional Policy Bochum, Germany.    pp. 1657-1677

CIVIL ECONOMY AND CIVILIZED ECONOMICS: ESSENTIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

  Neva R. Goodwin, Co-director, The Global Development And Environment Institute, Tufts University, USA    pp. 1679-1695

THE ECONOMICS OF ECOLOGY AND CIRCULATION FOR COEXISTANCE BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE,

Katsuya Fukuoka, Rissho University, Japan.    pp. 1697-1709

NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL TAX REFORM,

Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker, President, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Germany, and Member of Parliament (Bundestag).    pp. 1711-1720

ACCOUNTING FOR SUSTAINABILITY - GREENING THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS,

P. Bartelmus, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Germany.    pp. 1721-1735

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND TRADE,

Pasquale M. Sgro, School of Economics, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.

INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY. OPTIONS FOR REGIME FORMATION,

Konrad von Moltke, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Dartmouth College, Institute for Environmental Studies, Virje universiteit Amsterdam.

Section 4:  POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Policy Issues for Sustainable Development

PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Lynton K. Caldwell, School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA), Indiana University, U.S.A. (With the assistance of Jeffrey S. Miller)    pp. 1739-1760

SUMMARY PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Sylvie Faucheux, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France.    pp. 1761-1778

IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A CHANGING WORLD,

Klaus Topfer, Executive-Director, United Nations Environment Programme, Kenya.    pp. 1779-1784

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Finn Arler, Department of Philosophy, Aarhus University, Denmark.    pp. 1785-1801

COMPLEXITY, COLLAPSE, AND SUSTAINABLE PROBLEM SOLVING,

Joseph A. Tainter, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.    pp. 1803-1826

GROWTH, SUSTAINABILITY, AND THE POWER OF SCALE,

John H. Bodley, Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U.S.A.    pp. 1827-1844

InTErnational Commodity Policy: New Concept for Sustainable Development,

Werner Gocht and Garnet Kasperk, Research Institute for International Technical and Economic Cooperation, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany.    pp. 1845-1858

GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY:RHETORIC AND REALITY, ANALYSIS AND ACTION—THE NEED FOR REMOVAL OF A KNOWLEDGE-APARTHEID WORLD,

Thomas G. Whiston, Roskilde University, Denmark.    pp. 1859-1877

economic assistance to developing countries and sustainable world population,

Gerard Piel, Publisher and Editor of Scientific American, Retired    pp. 1879-1888

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT,

James Gustave Speth, Practice of Environmental Policy and Sustainable Development, Yale University, USA.    pp. 1889-1899

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS,

Paul D. Raskin, Stockholm Environment Institute, Boston, Tellus Institute, USA.    pp. 1901-1910

THE EARTH CHARTER : GLOBAL ETHICS FOR THE 21^ST CENTURY,

Ruud Lubbers (Co-Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Earth Charter)  and M.C. Patricia Morales, Globus Institute, Tilburg University, Netherlands.    pp. 1911-1959

THE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

G. Wall, Independent Researcher, Mölndal, Sweden.

Institutional Implications for Sustainable Development

INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE,

Oran R. Young, Institute on International Environmental Governance, Dartmouth College, USA.    pp. 1963-1972

NEW PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE IN THE GLOBAL AGE,

A.-V. Anttiroiko, Department of Local Government Studies, University of Tampere, Finland.    pp. 1973-1990

IN PURSUIT OF DEMOCRATIC GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS,

Irene Lyons Murphy, Washington, DC, USA.    pp. 1991-2005

THE ROLE OF INGOs: CONSTITUENT SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?

Irene Lyons Murphy, Washington, DC, USA    pp. 2007-2018

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: MANAGING AND MINIMISING THE ABUSE OF POWER.,

  Bruce Lloyd, South Bank University, UK.    pp. 2019-2027

LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS: LAW AND POLICY,

J. William Futrell, President, Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D.C, USA.    pp. 2029-2038

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND STANDARDS: FOUR WAYS THEY CAN BE ESTABLISHED,

M.D. Kaplowitz J.D., Dept. of Resource Development, Michigan State University and D.A. Bronstein, Dept. of Resource Development, Michigan State University with H. Suffron, Dept. of Resource Development, Michigan State University.    pp. 2039-2053

TREATIES AS A SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW,

Winfried Lang (died May 1999), Belgium.    pp. 2055-2059

STRENGTHENING THE GLOBAL TREATY-MAKING SYSTEM,

L.E. Susskind, and D.D. Patel, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.    pp. 2061-2073

Strategic Aspects of Implementing the International Agreement on CLIMATE CHANGE,

A. Endres, M. Finus, and B. Rundshagen, Department of Economics, University of Hagen, Germany.    pp. 2075-2088

Regional Analyses of Sustainable Development

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: THE IMPLICATIONS, ACTORS AND RESPONSES,

Tony Weis, Department of Geography, Queen's University, Canada and Anita Krajnc, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Canada.    pp. 2091-2130

PROGRESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Robert Hull, Director, European Economic and Social Committee, Brussels, Belgium and Robert Donkers, Deputy Head of Unit, Directorate-General for Environment, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.    pp. 2131-2140

ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE GERMAN STATE OF BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG,

Ortwin Renn and Hans G. Kastenholz, Center of Technology Assessment in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.    pp. 2041-2152

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: A SELECTION OF SWISS ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVES,

Beat Sitter-Liver, Günther Baechler, Peter Baccini, Hans Hurni, Dieter Imboden, Ruth Kaufmann-Hayoz and Hans R. Thierstein, Council of Swiss Scientific Academies (CASS), Bern, Switzerland.    pp. 2153-2173

SOME ISSUES IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT,

Leo Tan Wee Hin and R. Subramaniam, Singapore National Academy of Science, Science Centre Road, Singapore.    pp. 2175-2192

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: PERSPECTIVES AND FUTURE,

A.J. Gabaldón, Senior Advisor, Ecology and Environment Inc., Caracas, Venezuela.    pp. 2193-2205

AN OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA,

Emmanuel Kwesi Boon,Management and Environmental Management, Free University of Brussels, Belgium, and University of Ghana, Legon-Accra.    pp. 2207-2218

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES AND FUTURES IN CHINA,

Teng Teng, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.    pp. 2219-2238

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: AFRICA’S PERSPECTIVE,

Shem O. Wandiga and Eric O. Odada, Kenya National Academy of Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya.

REFLECTION ON THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,

Izakovicová and Július Oszlányi, Institute of the Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: CASE STUDY IN LATVIA,

M. Klavinš, University of Latvia, Department of Environmental Science, Riga, Latvia.