Urbanists and Environmentalists
Connecting the Discourse on Urban Sustainability to Globalization
Urban Development in the Asia Pacific Region
The Impacts of the Asian Financial Crisis
Globalization and the Context for Urban Sustainability in the Asia Pacific
World City Formation and Localization
Sustainable Development in Havana
Sustainability and Community Participation
Background of the migrant community and fieldwork
Urbanization and Environmental Degradation
Case-Study of the Island and City-State of Singapore
Economic Planning and Development in Singapore
Managing Changes in the Physical Environment of Singapore
Environmental Policy and Environmental Management
The Local Implementation of Sustainable Human Development
Conclusion—Freiburg’s Scope for Local Action towards Sustainability
From Megalopolis to Extended Metropolitan Regions
The Melting of Rural and Urban in the Tokaido Megalopolis
Sustainability Issues of Extended Metropolitan Regions
Lessons of the Japanese Extended Metropolitan Regions Experience
Introduction: Migration Patterns during the Era of Import Substitution
The Great Turn-around of the 1980s and 1990s
Integration, Disintegration and Migration
The Transformation of the Position of Mexico City in the 1980s
The 1990s: Will Mexico City Renew its Position as an Immigration Pole?
Gauteng’s Emerging Manufacturers: A Profile
Introduction: Innovations in Social Time
Technological Sites as Centers of Calculation
The Case of Global Financial Corporations and Futures Exchanges
Changes in Technology and Knowledge and their Impact on Space
Performativity and Knowledge: Market Simplification and Disembedding
Peri-Urbanization in East Asia: Comparative Context
The Case of the Hangzhou–Ningbo Corridor
The Sustainable Cities Program and Environmental Sustainability
Land Use and Environmental Sustainability in Zanzibar City
Poverty in India – The Bigger Picture
Definitions and Indicators of Urban Poverty
Key Factors Affecting Urban Poverty in India
Rules of Anti-Poverty Program Design in the Urban Context
Slum Improvement Programs in India
Outcomes of Slum Improvement Projects (SIPs) in India
Reflections on the Rules for Anti-Poverty Program Design
Interaction between Urbanization and Agriculture in Drylands
Urban-Rural Dynamics in Jordan: Historical Context
Environmental Management: Consumption and Degradation at the Desert Margin
Introduction: Urbanization and Growth-based Macro-economic Performance
Urbanization and the Rural-urban Interface in Botswana
A Short Note on Urban Policies and Economic and Social Developments in Botswana
Instrumentalizing Urban-rural Linkages
New Patterns of Social Vulnerability in the Wake of Urbanization
Conclusion: Urbanization will Rapidly Carry on—What must be Done?
Contemporary Kiosk Owners: From Survival Strategy to Development Strategy
Growth of Kiosks: Some Contributing Factors
Factors Contributing to Traffic Congestion
Conclusions: the Need for a Local Plan of Action towards Sustainability
Main Chemical Substances Emitted as a Result of NATO Air Campaign
The Pollution Recorded at Several Industrial Hot-spots
The Use of Depleted Uranium—a Risk for Human Health and the Environment.
Greater Los Angeles: Background
Risk, Hazard, and Vulnerability: Place, Perception, and Politics
Population Growth and Urbanization in Shanghai
Urbanization and Rising Consumption
Urbanization, Resource Depletion and Environmental Pollution
Move towards Urban Sustainability in Shanghai
Indicators to Measure Shanghai’s Sustainability: A Case Study
Sustainable framework for policy-makers
Sustainable indicators and a decision support tool
Some Other Approaches: United Nations Indicators of Sustainable Development
Some Other Approaches: European Common Indicators of Sustainable Development
Rural Milieus and their Populations in Metropolitan and Urban Regions
General Situation of Yunnan Province
Analysis over Several TLU Modes at County and Village Level (or the Scale of Landscape)
Analysis of the TLU Modes at the Household Level
Summary of Features and Ecological, Economic, and Social Effects of TLU
The Environment-based Approach and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
The Case Study Area: Punjab Province
Watershed Approach to Conservation and Development
Level of Watershed as Management Planning Unit
Costs and Benefits of Watershed Management
Major Issues in Watershed Management
Mineral Extraction, FDI and Urbanization
Possible Destabilization of Urban Development due to FDI in the CEE Region
Benefits of FDI for Host Countries
Environmental and Social Consequences Related to FDI in Mineral Extraction
Traditional Socio-economic Activities
Arguments for and against Private Provision of Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSSS)
Historical Process of Private Participation in WSSS
Options of Private Foreign Participation in Urban Environmental Infrastructure
What Will It Take to Attract FDI for the Provision of WSSS?
Studying Migrant Housing in China’s Context
Cultural Shifts towards Sustainable Urban Energy Development
Infrastructure Development and the Nigerian Urban Environment
State Provision: An Illusion? Reflections on Benin City
Urban Partnership Initiatives: The Sustainable Ibadan Project
Theoretical Considerations about Infrastructure and Urban Ecology
The Main Features of Porto-Novo’s Current Household Solid Waste Management System
Restructuring in the Household Solid Waste Management System
Ecological Footprint of Cities
Areas, Actors and Material Flows: the three Pillars of Urban Sustainability
Public Transport Infrastructure: The Breakthrough of Light Rail in Urbanized Regions
Introduction: Bringing Freight Transportation back into the Urban Sustainability Debate
Urban Freight Transportation and Urban Sustainability
Case Study: Quantifying Diseconomies in the City of Petropolis, Brazil
Current Trends in Transportation Systems
Elements of Transportation Systems
Sustainable Transportation Strategies
Roads and Rural Development in Bangladesh: Shifts in Goals and Orientation
A Summary of Impacts of Road Improvements on the Livelihoods of Local People
Slums and Their Inter-Relations
Environmental Sanitation Indicator - Esi
Environmental Sanitation Indicator for Slums - Esi/S
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Third World Cities: An Overview
MSWM in the First and Third World: A Comparison
Informal Refuse Collection and Scavenging
Environmental and Economic Relevance of MSW Systems
Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment
Introduction: the Local Front of Sustainable Development
World Cities in the Era of Sustainable Development
Urban Ecological Challenges and Responses
Social Justice as a Sin Equa Non-condition for Urban Sustainability
Sustainable Regeneration and Urban Economic Development
Institutional Architecture and Strategic Planning
Urban Development and Services
Industrialization and Population Growth
The Recent Environmental Crisis
The Middle Class as a Research Focus
Out-migration by Middle-Class Families
The Case Study of Bogotá: Background Information
An Overview of Egypt’s Shelter Problem
The State, Domestic Determinants and Foreign Policy in Three Eras
Linkages between Rural and Urban Sustainability
Populations as Driving Force of Rural Change
A Case for Diversity and Participation
The Legal and Regulatory Basis for Urban Development in Mozambique
Air Pollution and Ill-Health in Cities
Growing Affluence and Increasing Pollution over Time
Disaster Mitigation Plans of Tokyo
Consideration of Urban Social Vulnerability to Hazards in Tokyo
Potential Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations
Integrating Resources of Various Organizations into Municipal Disaster Mitigation Plans
Soaring Unemployment and Numbers of Unregistered Workers: Labor Statistics and Laws
Outsourcing of Production—the Resurgence of Homework and Sweatshops
Urban Poverty and the Urban Environment
São Paulo Environmental Features
The Segregated Growth of the Urbanized Area
Recent Metropolitan Economic Performance
Community-based Initiatives for Crime Prevention and Safety and Security
Development Strategies and Urban Policies: Basic Links.
The Economic Role of the Cities in a Changing World Economy
Urban Policies and Environmental Sustainability: Particular Interactions.
Structural Adjustment Program: Changes in the Economy and Governmental Structures
Setting the Scene: Oases in Saudi Arabia
Technical Processes, Political Realities
Reinterpreting the Regulation Approach
The Coming of the Sustainable City: the Re-regulation of Britain’s Urban Economy
The Campaign against the Use of Child Labor in the Bangladeshi Export-Oriented Garment Industry
The Origins of the Campaign in the United States
The Use of Child Labor in Bangladesh
The Harkin Bill and its Effects
Garments in Dhaka: A Map of the City
Public Policymaking and Organizational Context
Development of Administration: Ancient
Goals and Requirements of Development
A Brief Institutional History of Parties
Types of Party System and their Policymaking Consequences
Party Functions and External Relationships
Factionalism and the Nominating Process
Political Parties as Planning Agencies and Policy Advocates
Cases of Political Parties’ Impact on Life-Support Policies
Research on Complex Organizations
Markets as Coordinating Mechanisms
From a Market Economy to an Organizational Economy
Organizations: delineations and specifics
Early History and Recent Development of the Study of Organizational Culture
Early Iran, prior to the Persian Empire
The World-State Persian Empire
The Pre-colonial Period: From the Ashes of Pharaohs to the Berlin Conference
The Post-Colonial Administration and Problems of Development
Indian and Chinese Evolution: Critical Comparisons
History of French Administration
The Constitution of the Fifth Republic
The Role of State in French political Culture
Relation of Administration to the Private Sector
Stunted and Truncated: Public Administration in the Nineteenth Century
A Gentlemanly but Political Public Service
Reform: Honesty and Anti-Politics
Nirvana Attained: The Civil Service Act of 1883
Origin and Globalization of New Public Management
Rationales and Causes of New Public Management
Major Dimensions of New Public Management
Governance and Facilitative Institutions
Varied and Shared Public Administration Frameworks Within and Among Nations
International Perspectives and Shared Paradoxes of Public Administration
Towards a New Globalized Economy : A New Architecture
Sovereignty, Electronic Commerce and Globalization
Public Personnel Management Functions
Public Jobs as Scarce Resources
Traditional Systems: Patronage, Civil Service, Collective Bargaining, and Affirmative Action
Conflict and Compromise among Alternative Public Personnel Systems
Service Contracting and Privatization Outcomes in Developed and Less developed Countries
Broader Context, Limited Horizon
Scope of Life Support Programs
Administrative Power, Discretion, and the Rule of Law
The Historical Creation of Ombudsman Offices
The Current State of the Ombudsman Concept
The Ombudsman Office in the Context of other Correction Mechanisms
The Beginnings of Technology Dissemination
The Process of Technology Dissemination
Growth, Development and the Environment
Natural Resource Economics Policy in South Africa
The Design of Environmental Policy
Environmental Management as an Integral Part of Business Strategy
Evolution of Corporate Charters and Stock Markets
Globalization of Corporations, Technology, Markets, and Finance
Rethinking Capitalism beyond Textbook Models of the Public and Private Sectors
Changing Scorecards of Progress
New Business Models of Capitalism
Toward "Stakeholder Capitalism"
The Role of Corporations in Voluntary Standard Setting and Codes of Conduct
Obligations of Corporations and Business to Enhance Life Support Systems
Introduction: Why Is the Role of Business So Important for Sustainable Development?
Why Is It in a Business’ Interest to be Environmentally Sustainable?
Institutions and Environmental Change
Remarks on the Trends in Power Politics
Institutional Aspects of Global Governance
Changing Role of the Nation-state
History – Toward the Formation of the Nation State
Functions and Structures of International Law and Institutions
Growing Political and Economic Interdependency within Institutional Settings
International Trade, Global Prosperity and Free Trade Hypocrisy
International Environmental Law and the Need for Multilateral Action
International High Technology Policy and the Digital Divide
New Directions in International Law
Theoretical Overview: Efficiency and Equity Concerns
The Drive toward Legal and Economic Integration in Europe
The Drive toward Legal and Economic Integration in North America
A Contrast in Regional Integration Movements
Relationship to Articles within this Topic
The Most-Favored Nation Clause: GATT Article I
National Treatment with Respect to Internal Taxation and Regulations: GATT Article III
GATT Article XI: General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions
Territory and Public International Law
Introduction: The Goals of International Environmental Law
Context: The Development and Limitations of International Environmental Law
Transboundary Environmental Harm: Problems Originating in One State and Felt in Another
A Special Problem: The Protection of Endangered Species
An Indispensable Resource: The Protection of Fresh Water
An Old Threat with New Potential to Cause Harm: The Environment and War
Sovereignty Over Natural Resources: The Legal Dimension
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Customary International Law Approaches to Transboundary Environmental Harm
Absolute Territorial Sovereignty: The Harmon Doctrine
Absolute Territorial Integrity
Major Developments in the International Law of Marine Environmental Conservation
Conventional International Law
Trends in the Development of International Law Protecting the Environment During Wartime
Institutional Framework within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization
The Committee on Trade and Environment’s Agenda: Flashpoints of the Trade and Environment Debate
Trade-Related Measures in International Environmental Agreements
A Growing Consensus for Law and Policy to Support Sustainable Development
The Split Personality of Environmental and Natural Resources Law
Legal Structures to Incorporate the Findings of Environmental Science
Legal Structures to Incorporate the Precepts of Environmental Economics
First Steps to Creating Sustainable Development Law
Competing Values: Forging the Link Between Environmental Ethics and Legal Ethics
Professional Organizations and Best Practices
Practicalities of Treaty-Making
Special Features of Environmental Treaty-Making
Global Sustainable Development Responsibilities
Transnational Concerns About Global Sustainable Development
Global Treaty-Making as a Method of Addressing Global-Sustainable Development
Relevant Rules of General International Law
The Background of International Law on Biotechnology
International Agreements and Rules on Biotechnology
Jurisprudence of International Law on Biotechnology
Conceptualizing "Cultural Diversity" in International Law
Emergence and Evolution of Cultural Diversity as a Concept of International Law
2009 UNESCO World Report Setting the Trend in International Law: From Theory to Practice
International Instruments on the Issue of Cultural Diversity
Approaches to ethics: justification and adjudication
Ethics and the idea of community
Levels of ethics: personal, professional, institutional, global
Sustainability and development
The Character of Consequentialism
The Structure of Consequentialism
Some Consequentialist Theories
Who or What Can Possess a Right?
What Can Be the Content of a Right? What Sort of Things Are There Rights To?
The Roots of Rights—Social Constructs or an Essential Moral Concept?
Human Actions as Subject to Ethical Obligations
The Source and Construction of Ethical Obligations
What Other Entities Deserve Our Ethical Recognition?
Questions of the Good Life and Questions of Genuine Ethics
Three Zones of Political Justice
Sustainable Development and Different Sorts of Ethics
Personal Ethics as Moral Commitment
Personal Ethics as a Challenge to the Universalization Principle
Personal Ethics as Exercising Virtues
Virtues and Community: A Modern Reformulation of Ethics of Virtue
Three Types of Professional Ethics
Goals of Professional Work and Their Problems
The Institution as a Moral Agent
Indications That Institutions Should Be Considered Moral Agents
Institutional Agent Properties
The Moral Importance of Institutions—Impact
Individuals Fulfilling Moral Obligations Through Institutions
Moral Records and the Grounds for Blaming
Institutionalizing Institutional Responsibility
Ethical Misconduct and Institutional Loyalty—Whistle Blowing
Institutional Ethics and Ethical Platforms
Institutional Behavior, Moral, and Non-Moral Motives—Prudence
Impact on a Collective and on an Individual Level
Knowledge and Responsibility—Sagesse Oblige
The Implications of a Particular Global Ethic
Arguments against a Cosmopolitan Ethic for Individuals
Three Types of Normative International Relations Theory
Objections to Non-Cosmopolitan Theories
Comparison with the Encyclopedia’s Goals
Varieties of Cosmopolitanism/Global Ethics
Other Theories and the Challenge of Non-Anthropocentric Values
The Elements of Justice and Theories of Justice
Justice as Rational Agreements for Mutual Benefit
Desert, Merit and Distributive Justice
Moral Sensibility for Unborn Generations
Future Generations Are Disadvantaged
Degradation in the Quality of Environmental and Cultural Life
Conserving the Common Heritage for Future Generations
A "Guardian" for Future Generations
Distributive Environmental Justice for Humans
Justice for Future Generations
Minimalist Methodologies of Closure
Regan, Rights, and Vegetarian Justice
Anthropocentrism, Justice, and the Othering of Nature
Sustainable Development, Environmentalisms, and Justice
Ethics, Justice, and Human Rights
Ecological Rationality, Justice, and the Development Project
Women and the Challenges of Sustainable Development
International Development Agencies and Sustainable Development
International Relations and Sustainable Development
Global and Local Dimensions, and the Management of Interdependence
Mitigating Poverty With Solidarity: Charity for the Poor
Fighting Poverty through the Economy: The Generation of Wealth
The Struggle through Sharing: The Role of the State
The Struggle through Ideology: The Promise of Equality
The Struggle through Integration: The Global Market
Critique of the Discourse of Development
Integrating Women into Development
Women in Development: Issues and Problems
Population, Natural Resources, and the Environment
Prelude to the Appropriate Technology Transfer Debate
Clarifying the Debate on Appropriate Technology Transfer
Technological Dualism and Appropriate Technology
The Universe of Appropriate Technology and Its Transferability
Channels and Mechanisms for Appropriate Technology Transfer
Appropriate Technology Transfer and Socio-Technical Infrastructure
Appropriate Technology Transfer or Endogenous Technological Development?
Current Ecological and Social Problems in South America
Diversity and Homogenization in Southern South America since European Colonization
Propositions to Attenuate Eco-Cultural Homogenization and Conflicts in South America
Social Institutional Systems and Services for Youth
Introduction: The Morality-Laden Nature of the Concept of Sustainability
Kantian Ethics and Duty-Based Sustainability
Utilitarianism and Utility-Based Sustainability
Other Ethical Approaches: Perfectionism, Community-Based Ethics, and Biocentric Ethics
Traditional Environmental Protection Motivations: Regulations and Profit
The Ethical Aspects of Corporate Environmental Decisions
Sustainability and the Quest for Global Institutions for Ethics and Justice
Problems for Global Justice and Ethics Institutions
From Individual Ethics to Institutional Ethics
What Does It Mean To Institutionalize Ethics?
Ecological and Economic Distribution
Cost Shifting and Compensation
Is Consumption Becoming "Dematerialized"?
Risk, Uncertainty, and Environmental Liability
The World Food Situation Today
Where Are the Food Insecure Found?
How Do People Become Food Insecure?
Natural and Social Prerequisites for a Sustainable Future
Security and Sustainable Development
The Future of Local Knowledge for Survival on a Community Level
Two Different Types of Mizuko-kuyo
The Tokugawa Shogunate Banned Mabiki
The Allure and the Ills of a System of Nation-States
Defending Restrictions: From Institutional Principles to Reasons for Action
Special Obligations: Two Ways of Accounting
The Value of Special Relationships: Why Identity Matters
Introduction. Culture of Peace: A Task for Our Time
A Brief History of the Culture of Peace Concept
Basic Aspects of the Culture of Peace
Culture of Peace in Everyday Life
Actions Undertaken by UNESCO to Promote a Culture of Peace (1992-98)
Meta-Ethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics
Reason and Objectivity in Judgments about Ethics and Values
The Evolving Context of the Strategy for the Promotion of Peace, Stability, and Well-being
Good Governance as a Prerequisite for Successful Peace Operations
The Global Situation and the Need for a Global Ethics (Preamble of The Earth Charter)
Respect and Care for the Community of Life (Part I of The Earth Charter)
The complexity of conflict in an international drainage basin
Analysis lens: social science methods for studying conflict
Approaches to conflict resolution: negotiation, mediation, and arbitration
Formal models for conflict resolution
Conflict Between and Within States
Historical Trends in International Violence
Issues Over Which States Conflict
Conceptual Expansion of Conflict
Group Dynamics as Analysis Lens
The Main Factors that Keep Groups Together
The Role of Monitoring and Avoidance
Analyzing Groups and Individual Actions with the Social Sciences
Historical Reconstructions of the Development of Political Systems
How to Select those who will Govern
How to Organize Large Communities to Develop and Maintain Resources
Introduction to a Framework for Analyzing Language Use
Analyzing Status: Who Likes Whom?
Analyzing Social Networks: Who Gives What to Whom?
Analyzing Social Identity: Who Calls Whom What?
Technological changes over generations
Mediation as third party intervention
Brief history and current practices
Sources of Authority of Trans-boundary Environmental Disputes
Major International Environmental Public Law Arbitration Cases and Tribunals
Major International Environmental Arbitration Private Law Cases and Tribunals
Introduction: Modeling Reality
Decision Making Models: History and Abstract Game Models
Overview of Formal Models for Conflict Resolution and Case Studie
Applying the Graph Model to Real World Conflict
Dilemmas generated by a rational approach to conflict
Reaction to the dilemmas; metagame theory
Dilemmas of agreement and disagreement; metagame analysis
From metagame analysis to drama theory
The six phases of conflict resolution
Hypergame Models and Stability Analysis
Background of the Water Aquifer Conflict
MCDM Approaches to Quantifying Preferences of Individual Parties in Negotiations
Multi-objective Methods for Identifying Compromises Using Implicit Value Functions
The Arizona Water Control Study: A Successful Use of MCDM in Negotiation
Cooperative Game Theoretic Approach
Non-cooperative Game Theoretic Approach with Coalition Formation
Scenarios for Utility-Based Cogeneration
Results and Discussion for Annual Assessment
Geopolitical Settings of the Jordan River System
Peacetime (Pre-war and Post-war) Impact of the Military Sector
Unsustainability: Historical Collapses
Sustainability and Problem-solving
Development of Problem-solving Institutions
Theories and concepts of International Relations
The end of the cold war and the end of positivism?
The Age of the Territorial State
Mediaeval Cosmology and Politics
Origins of the European States System
The Peace of Westphalia (1648)
The Legacy of the Napoleonic Wars: The Concert of Europe and the Management of the States System
The Universalization of the European States System: Imperialism
Managing the Postwar International System
Revising Westphalia: A New Norm for Intervention?
From System of States to a Society of States: International Institutions
Geopolitics After the Cold War
The Revolution in Military Affairs
Resistance and the Geopolitical Imagination
The Plight of Western Europe and the Marshall Plan
Defense Arrangements in Western Europe. NATO
The Failure of the European Defense Community
Western Strategy: from "Massive Retaliation" to "Flexible Response"
Imbalance in the Western Alliance
The Emergence of the European Union as a Defense Organization
Sociology's Relevance to International Relations
Historical Origins of Sociological Thought
The Historical Scociology of the State and International Relations
Principles of Historical Sociology
Problems with Historical Sociology
Introduction : The Study of Long Cycles
Complexity Science: Its Epistemological and Ontological Significance
How Complexity Science Overthrows Lakatos's Methodology of Research Programs
International Economics and International Politics
When Do Resource Advantages Beget Political Influence?
Complications in the Relation between Resources and Influence
Public Choice Theories of Hegemony
Unresolved Issues in Public Goods Treatments of Hegemony
Hegemony from a Gramscian perspective
Globalization and International Politics
State and Non-State Actors in Global Politics
Sustainable Development and the Agenda of the Global System
International Relations Theory and the Problem of Sustainable Development
The Universality of Human Rights
The International Covenants on Human Rights
Other Human Rights Activities by UN Bodies
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Organization of American States
The Origins of Global Governance
Global Governance and the Establishment of the Post-War World Order
The development of global governance
IGOs: structure, programs, major issues
INGOs: the quest for democratic global governance
Increasing Number of Tools Available for Peace Building
Multilateral Definition of Values
Multilateral Decision-Making is now Commonplace
A Growing System of Organizations
Diminishing the Barriers between the People and the UN System
Making Environmental Treaties Work
Institutionalizing Global Environmental Protection
Background and State of the World
The Role of International Government Organizations in Environmental Protection
Introduction—from San Francisco to Beijing
CEDAW: its Meaning and History
The Decade for Women 1976–1985: Three Meetings: Agendas, Participants, Results
Evaluation of Traditional Peacekeeping
Resurgence of Peacekeeping after the Cold War
The Genesis of United Nations Reform
Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Comprehensive Reform Program
Introduction: Evaluating the Global Civil Society
The Global Civic Society: its Rationale and Potential
Adaptable Coalitions: the Key Factor?
The Historical Roots of the INGO Movement
Twenty-first Century INGOs: New Issues, New Rationales, New Strategies
Structures and Strategies for Improving Governance and Management of INGOs and NGOs
History of the Environmental Movement in the FSU
Western Assistance to Environmental NGOs in the FSU: A Brief Overview
The ISAR Program: A Case Study in NGO Development and International Cooperation
Introduction: Human Rights Issues Post-Second World War
The Role of Human Rights INGOs in Theory and Practice
Evaluating INGO Performance: an Analytical Framework
Egypt: Western Influence Yields to Cultural Mores?
United Nation Groups Combating Infectious Diseases
Vulnerability and social adaptation
Adaptive capacity: instruments
Adaptive capacity: institutions
Strategies for sustainable development
Transparent Governance: An Overview
The Internet and NGOs: Key Transparency-Enabling Forces
NGOs and Transparency: Russia-Bellona-Nikitin Case Study
Participation and decentralization: a brief theoretical review
Brazil's regional inequalities
Participation as empowerment and as voice
The vectors of decentralization
Financial and political decentralization: some figures and factors
Urban-environmental management: an overview of its recent trajectory
The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and Intergovernmental Organizations
Different Types of Planning Processes
Need for Participatory Environmental Policies
Issues of Exclusion for Marginalized Groups
Signs Of Hope: Resolving The Twin Crises Together
Institutional Cultures For Sustainable Development
Case Study: the social infrastructure of irrigation in Mexico (a World Bank project)
What are international environmental treaties?
Structure and content of international environmental agreements
The scientific background to agreement-making
Outline of the problem of "effectiveness" of international environmental agreements
From institutional to environmental effectiveness
The relationship between the different actors in environmental policy making
The Historical Development of International Law
The Binding Nature of International Law
The Enforcement of International Law
Mechanisms to Create and Support Conventions and Treaties
Mechanisms to Create and Support Other ResponsesCustomary International Law
Nature and History of International Environmental Law
Dispute Settlement in International Environmental Law
Role of Soft Law in International Environmental Law
Introduction: IEAs, International Law and the International System
History of International Environmental Diplomacy
Typology and common characteristics
Hazardous Wastes and their Transboundary Movement—Problem Definition
Hazardous Treatment and Disposal
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity
The Problem of Desertification
The Internationalization of the Question of Desertification
The Desertification Convention
The Convention and the Realization of Sustainable Development
Heavy Metals and POPs Protocols
The Architecture of the Ozone Layer Regime
The Evolution of the Ozone Layer Regime: Adjustments and Amendments to the Montreal Protocol
Intergovernmental Organizations
The Creation and Evolution of the World Bank
The Organisational Structure of the World Bank Group
The Political Process of the World Bank
The Operation of the Gold Exchange Standard
The Legal Structure of the IMF
The Political Structure of the IMF
The Availability of Financial Resources
Credit Tranches, Stand-By Arrangements and Conditionality
The Variety of Financial Facilities
The Challenges of EU policy making
The Historical Transition towards an EU Environmental Policy
The Role and Functioning of the OECD
Sustainable Management of Resources
The Organizational Structure of the WTO
The Political Process of the World Trade Organisation
NGOs, Interest Groups, Pressure Groups, Lobbies, and Private Voluntary Organizations
NGOs and their Independence from Governments
NGOs, Political Parties, and Ethnic Minorities
NGOs and their Relations with Business and Commerce
NGOs and the Political Use of Violence
Different Types of Structures Among NGOs
Game Theoretical Fundamentals of International Environmental Treaties
Contextual and conceptual change
Widening of security dimensions
Environment and Security Linkages: Environmental Security
Reconceptualizing Security Threats after the Cold War
Reconceptualizing Security Challenges after the Cold War
Reconceptualizing Security Vulnerabilities after the Cold War
First Research Phase: Impacts of Wars and of the Military on the Environment
Second Research Phase: Environmental Scarcity and Conflict
Third Research Phase on the Environment, Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Recent Critiques of the Environmental Security Debate and International Activities
Towards a Fourth Phase of Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP)
Natural Causes: Global Environmental Change
Global and Socio-economic Contexts
Impacts: Environmental Scarcity, Degradation and Stress
Extreme and Fatal Outcomes of Global Change and Environmental Stress
Societal Consequences of Extreme Outcomes
Political Process: Responding to Societal Consequences of Extreme Outcomes
Humankind and Resources: Analyzing
Education for citizenship in times of peace
Four Phases of Gender Security Studies
On Professionalization in General
Government Realism vs. Peace Movement Idealism: Tertium non datur?
The Code of Conduct and the Problem of Accountability
Synchronism in Peace Education and Conflict Resolution
War Memory, War Museum and Peace Museum
The Background of Peace Museums in Japan
The Growth of Japanese Peace Museums from an International Perspective
Characteristics and Problems of Peace Museums in Japan
Fatalities, injuries, and human security
Natural disasters in the context of security
Early warning as a means to minimize loss of lives in case of natural disasters
People-centered early warning systems
Pattern of Historical Development
Suggestion for Changes in the Prevailing Model: Culture of Peace with Diversity
Contextual and conceptual change
Widening of security dimensions
Environment and Security Linkages: Environmental Security
Changing the Referent: From National to Human Security
