Hydrological Cycle

Edited by : Igor Alekseevich Shiklomanov,

State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

The Hydrological Cycle

I.A.Shiklomanov, Director, State Hydrological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

Exchanges of Water in the Hydrosphere

N.V. Malinin, Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Transfer of Atmospheric Moisture

N.V. Malinin, Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Water Exchange between Oceans and Atmosphere

S. Vasiljyev, State Oceanographic Institute, Russia
V.B. Lapshin

Water Exchange between Land and Atmosphere

N.V. Malinin, Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Water Exchange between Plants and Atmosphere

Gennady Viktorovitch Menzhulin, Center for International Environmental Cooperation(INENCO), Russian Academy of Sciences (Center INENCO), Russia

Water Exchange between Land and Oceans

N.V. Malinin, Professor, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Surface and Ground Water Interaction

Vsevolozhsky V.A., Geological Department, Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
Zektser I.S., Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Hydrosphere Components

Hydrosphere Structure and its Relationship to the Global Hydrological Cycle

V.S. Vuglinsky, State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Energy Balance and the Roles of the Sun, Earth, Oceans and Atmosphere

I.I. Borzenkova, Department of Climatology, State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Hydrologic Regions and Water Balance

Vladimir Ivanovich Babkin, Water Resources and Water Balance Laboratory, The State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Sediment Geochemical and Biological Water Fluxes

N.N. Bobrovitskaya

Anthropogenic Effects on the Hydrological Cycle

Igor Alekseevich Shiklomanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Ocean-Land Interactions in Coastal Zones and Effect of Ocean-Level Change

V.N. Malinin and A.V. Nekrasov, Professors, Russian State Hydrometeorol ogical University, St. Petersburg, Russia

World Water Balance

Igor Alekseevich Shiklomanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Atmospheric Precipitation of the Earth

Vladimir Ivanovich Babkin, Water Resources and Water Balance Laboratory, The State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Evaporation from the Surface of the Globe

Vladimir Ivanovich Babkin, Water Resources and Water Balance Laboratory, The State Hydrological Institute, Russia

River Runoff to Oceans and Lakes

Igor Alekseevich Shiklomanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Groundwater Discharge into the World Ocean

Zektser I.S., Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Observation and Monitoring

Z.D. Kopaliani

Evaporation

A.P.Vershinin, St.Petersburg State University, Russian Federation, Russia
V.S.Vuglinsky, State Hydrological Institute, Russian Federation, Russia

Evaporation in Nature

A.P. Vershinin

Evaporation from Land, Evapotranspiration

A.P. Vershinin, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation,Russia

Evapotranspiration from Open Water Surface and Groundwater

V.S. Vuglinsky, State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Transpiration

Gennady Viktorovitch Menzhulin, State Hydrological Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia

Precipitation

P. Ya. Groisman, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA

Formation of Precipitation

L.T.Matveev, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Yu L.Matveev, Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Types and Characteristics of Precipitation

Irena I. Borzenkova, Department of Climatology, State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Extreme Precipitation

L. T. Matveev, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Yu. L. Matveev, Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Snow and Its Distribution

V.A. Shutov, Valdai Branch of the State Hydrological Institute, Valdai, Russia

Artificial Rainfall

Albert A. Chernikov, Central Aerological Observatory, Russia

Surface Water Runoff

Yury Borisovich Vinogradov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Runoff Generation and Storage in Watershed

Yury Borisovich Vinogradov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Space Characters of Runoff Formation

A.V. Rozhdestvensky, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia
V.A. Lobanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Hydrology of Sloping Terrain

Yury Borisovich Vinogradov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

River Runoff Modelling

Yury Borisovich Vinogradov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Urban Hydrology

V.V. Kupriyanov, State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia

Groundwater Hydrogeology

Zektser I.S., Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Infiltration and Groundwater Formation

Vladimir S. Kovalevsky, Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Groundwater of Loose (Unconsolidated) Rocks

Vladimir Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky, Geological Department, Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov, Russia

Groundwater in Sedimentary, Metamorphic and Volcanic Rock

Vladimir Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky, Geological Department, Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov, Russia

Karstic Aquifers

Vladimir S. Kovalevsky, Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Genesis and Geographical Aspects of Glaciers

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Classification of Glaciers

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Accumulation, Ablation, Mass Balance, and Runoff from Glaciers

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Flow and Fluctuation of Glaciers

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Manipulation, Uses and Benefits of Glaciers, Ice and Snow

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Interaction Between Glaciation and Climate

Vladimir M. Kotlyakov, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Water Hazards Caused by Naturally-Occuring Hydrologic Extremes

N. Okada, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
T. Kusaka, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan
K. Sassa, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
T. Takayama, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
H. Sakakibara, Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Japan