Introduction
Physical Methods, Instruments and Measurements theme is a component of the Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources which is part of the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme provides a complete survey of the present status of our knowledge of modern physical instruments and measurements.
It is organized in the following main topics: Measurements and Measurement Standards; Sources of Particles and Radiation, Detectors and Sensors; Imaging and Characterizing – Trace Element Analysis; Technology of Physical Experiments; Applications of Measurements and Instrumentation which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter.
These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Editor(s) Biography
Yuri Mikhailovich Tsipenyuk graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) in 1962, becoming candidate of sciences in 1969, and doctor of physico-mathematical sciences in 1979. From 1961 until the present he has worked at the P. L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, and is now the leading scientist of this Institute. In addition he is Professor of Physics of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. His scientific interests include: electron accelerators, fission of atomic nuclei, activation analysis, investigation of the solid state by neutron scattering, and superconductivity. In 1997 he was made Soros Professor and in 1997 he became a Member of the New York Academy of Sciences. He has published more than 120 papers in scientific journals, and is the author of three monographs: “Physics of Superconductivity” (in Russian, 1995, MIPT Publishing, Moscow), “Nuclear Methods in Science and Technology” (IOP Publishing, 1997), and “The Microtron: Development and Applications” (Harwood Academic Press, 2001), in addition to being the co-author of a textbook on general physics for high schools, Basics of Physics (Moscow, Fizmatlit, 2001).
